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Week 5 Lecture & Reading Discussion_Introduction to General Astronomy

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Q Part 1: Specify why the telescope was such an important factor for proponents of the Heliocentric cosmogony. Then, pick one of Galileo's discoveries and explain exactly why it was such an effective case against ancient Greek philosophy. Part 2: First, pretend that the planet Venus has a perfect circular orbit around the Sun and travels at exactly 35 km/s. According to Newton's 1st Law does this mean that no force is acting on Venus? Explain your reasoning. Next, step away from the computer and move in a straight line for a few meters, then come back and explain the details of what occurred in terms of Newton's 3rd law of motion. Bonus (+2 points): Galileo's experiment on falling bodies began with a motionless ball set atop an inclined plane, name the force that must always be present for it to always accelerate downward.

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Telescopes were the gateway into the celestial sphere and when Galileo modified and created his own telescope, the Galilean Telescope, he was able to prove that the ancient Greek concepts that people believed upon were inaccurate, as it was the sun that was at the center of the solar system and not the earth. This was possible because using his telescope he had discovered that Venus has a full phase, and if this was true then it could not be possible that the earth was at the center. With calculations borrowed from Kepler and observations derived through patience, the geocentric cosmogony made way for the heliocentric cosmogony.